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Treatments for Stimulant-Use Disorders
Treatments for Stimulant-Use Disorders
Order ID 53003233773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Treatments for Stimulant-Use Disorders
There is the lure of the positive effects of stimulants: elevation of mood, increased alertness, reduced fatigue, increased energy, and relief from boredom. But the feeling of reward that comes from increased dopaminergic neurotransmission that activates the reward system of the nucleus accumbens can quickly lead to obsessive use and dependency.
With increased dosages, what were once pleasant effects turn into anxiety, insomnia, irritability, and the need for higher and higher dosages to achieve the desired effect. Successful treatment of stimulant-use disorders must include pharmacology, nonpharmacological treatment, training and reinforcement of behavior change, and supportive social systems.
For this Discussion, consider why treatments for stimulant-use disorders have been ineffective and how treatment might be improved in the future. As you prepare for the Discussion, also take into account the role of the placebo effect as it relates to the treatment of stimulant-use disorders (refer to the Looby and Earleywine article in the Learning Resources).
Write an explanation for why researchers have not found any efficacious treatments for stimulant-use disorders. Include in your explanation an analysis of why previously tested treatments have failed. Be sure to include sociocultural and economic issues and references to the placebo effect in your Discussion. Finally, generate strategies for improving treatment of stimulant-use disorders.
READINGS
Brown, E. S., Tirado, C., Minhajuddin, A., Hillhouse, M., Adinoff, B., Ling, W., . . . Thomas, C. (2010). Association of race and ethnicity with withdrawal symptoms, attrition, opioid use, and side-effects during buprenorphine therapy. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 9(2), 106–114.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Döpfner, M., Ose, C., Fischer, R., Ammer, R., & Scherag, A. (2011). Comparison of the efficacy of two different modified release methylphenidate preparations for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a natural setting: Comparison of the efficacy of Medikinet® retard and Concerta®—a randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter clinical crossover trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 21(5), 445–454.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Filip, M., Alenina, N., Bader, M., & Przegaliński, E. (2010). Behavioral evidence for the significance of serotoninergic (5-HT) receptors in cocaine addiction. Addiction Biology, 15(3), 227–249.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.Advokat, C. D., & Comaty, J. E., & Julien, R. M. (2019). Julien’s primer of drug action: A comprehensive guide to the actions, uses, and side effects of psychoactive drugs (14th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers/Macmillan.
Chapter 6, “Caffeine and Nicotine” (pp. 177-206)
Chapter 7, “Cocaine, the Amphetamines, and Other Psychostimulants” (pp. 217-248)
Treatments for Stimulant-Use Disorders
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.
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