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The role of urban heat island in air pollution
The role of urban heat island in air pollution
Order ID 53003233773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
The role of urban heat island in air pollution
One of the main ways in which the UHI contributes to air pollution is through the formation of ground-level ozone. Ozone is a highly reactive gas that is formed when pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), react in the presence of sunlight. The higher temperatures in urban areas can exacerbate the formation of ozone, as the heat speeds up the chemical reactions that produce it. This can lead to higher ozone concentrations in urban areas, which can cause respiratory problems for people with asthma and other lung diseases.
Another way in which the UHI can contribute to air pollution is through the emission of particulate matter (PM). PM is a mixture of tiny particles and droplets that are suspended in the air, and it can include things like dust, pollen, and soot. The higher temperatures in urban areas can cause PM to become more concentrated and more easily inhaled, which can lead to health problems such as lung cancer, stroke, and heart disease.
In addition to these direct impacts, the UHI can also indirectly contribute to air pollution by making it more difficult for pollutants to disperse. The higher temperatures in urban areas can cause a stable atmospheric boundary layer to form, which can trap pollutants near the ground. This can lead to higher concentrations of pollutants in urban areas, which can exacerbate the negative health effects of air pollution.
Mitigating the urban heat island effect can help to reduce air pollution. This can be done through a variety of strategies, including increasing the amount of green space in urban areas, using reflective surfaces on buildings and roads, and promoting energy-efficient building design.
Urban greening, for example, can help to reduce the urban heat island effect by providing shade and releasing water vapor through transpiration, which cools the air. Reflective surfaces, such as cool roofs, can also help to reduce the urban heat island effect by reflecting more sunlight back into the atmosphere. This can help to reduce the amount of solar radiation absorbed by urban surfaces and lower the temperature in urban areas.
In addition, promoting energy-efficient building design, such as using high-efficiency heating and cooling systems and insulation, can help to reduce the amount of energy needed to maintain comfortable temperatures in buildings. This can help to lower the emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants that are associated with the generation of electricity.
In conclusion, the urban heat island effect can have a significant impact on air pollution. It can contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone and particulate matter, and make it more difficult for pollutants to disperse. Mitigating the urban heat island effect through strategies such as urban greening, reflective surfaces, and energy-efficient building design can help to reduce air pollution and improve air quality in urban areas.
The role of urban heat island in air pollution
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.
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