The Connection between Urbanization and Trade for Economic Development

The Connection between Urbanization and Trade for Economic Development

Description/Paper Instructions

“The Connection between Urbanization and Trade for Economic Development”

Urbanization and trade have long been recognized as two important drivers of economic development. While both urbanization and trade can contribute to economic growth on their own, their combination can create a powerful engine for development, particularly in developing countries. In this essay, we will explore the connection between urbanization and trade for economic development.

Urbanization is the process of population concentration in urban areas. It occurs when people move from rural areas to urban centers in search of better economic opportunities, improved living standards, and access to services such as education and healthcare. Urbanization has been on the rise globally, with the United Nations predicting that by 2050, two-thirds of the world’s population will live in urban areas.

Urbanization and economic development are intricately linked. Urbanization creates economies of scale, making it easier and cheaper to provide goods and services to a concentrated population. Urban areas also create agglomeration effects, where firms located in close proximity to one another can benefit from shared knowledge, labor, and resources. These effects increase productivity and lead to higher levels of economic growth.

Trade, on the other hand, refers to the exchange of goods and services across borders. International trade has become increasingly important in the global economy, with countries trading goods and services worth trillions of dollars each year. Trade can lead to increased competition, which can drive innovation and lower prices for consumers. It can also enable countries to specialize in the production of goods and services in which they have a comparative advantage, leading to higher levels of efficiency and productivity.

The connection between urbanization and trade lies in the fact that urban centers are often the main drivers of trade in a country. Urban areas provide a concentration of markets, businesses, and workers, which can facilitate trade. In turn, trade can contribute to the development of urban areas by creating jobs and spurring economic growth.

One way in which trade can contribute to urban development is through the establishment of export-oriented industries. Export-oriented industries are those that produce goods for export to other countries. These industries can generate foreign exchange earnings, create jobs, and stimulate local economic growth. For example, cities in China such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, and Shanghai have become export hubs, generating significant economic growth and urbanization.

Trade can also contribute to urban development through the establishment of international trade corridors. International trade corridors are transportation networks that facilitate the movement of goods and services across borders. These corridors can create economic opportunities for cities located along the route, leading to increased urbanization and economic growth. For example, the East-West Economic Corridor in Southeast Asia has led to increased economic development in cities such as Da Nang in Vietnam and Savannakhet in Laos.

Urbanization and trade can also create challenges for economic development. Urbanization can lead to congestion, pollution, and unequal access to services, which can hinder economic growth. Trade can also create winners and losers, with some industries and regions benefiting more than others. However, these challenges can be mitigated through effective urban planning and policies that promote equitable and sustainable economic growth.

In conclusion, the connection between urbanization and trade is an important driver of economic development. Urban areas provide the concentration of markets, businesses, and workers that can facilitate trade, while trade can create economic opportunities for urban centers. The combination of urbanization and trade can create a powerful engine for economic growth, particularly in developing countries. However, policymakers must address the challenges that can arise from urbanization and trade to ensure that economic growth is equitable and sustainable.

The Connection between Urbanization and Trade for Economic Development

RUBRIC QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately.  Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples.  The answer is complete. 50 points:  The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples.  No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points:  Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points:  Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points:  References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated.  Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points:  Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors.  There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points:  Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20:  The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors  10 points out 20:  The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20:  The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points:  The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements.  The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.
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