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Revolutionizing Cryptography and Security
Revolutionizing Cryptography and Security
Order ID 53003233773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Revolutionizing Cryptography and Security
Cryptography is the science of encoding and decoding information to keep it secure from unauthorized access. It is used in many applications, such as secure communication, online banking, and e-commerce transactions. However, with the rise of quantum computing, many traditional cryptographic techniques are at risk of being compromised.
Quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits, which have the ability to exist in multiple states simultaneously. This allows quantum computers to perform certain calculations much faster than classical computers. One of the algorithms that quantum computers can perform much faster than classical computers is Shor’s algorithm for factoring large numbers. This algorithm is a threat to public-key cryptography, which is widely used for secure communication over the internet.
Public-key cryptography relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers to keep information secure. This is because the keys used for encryption and decryption are derived from large prime numbers, which are difficult to factor. However, Shor’s algorithm can factor large numbers exponentially faster than classical algorithms, which could render many public-key cryptography systems vulnerable to attacks.
In addition to breaking public-key cryptography, quantum computers can also be used to break symmetric-key cryptography. Symmetric-key cryptography relies on the use of a secret key to encrypt and decrypt information. However, if an attacker has access to the key, they can easily decrypt the information. Quantum computers can be used to search through all possible keys much faster than classical computers, which could make brute-force attacks on symmetric-key cryptography systems much more feasible.
To address these threats, researchers have been working on developing post-quantum cryptography techniques that are resistant to attacks by quantum computers. These techniques include lattice-based cryptography, hash-based cryptography, and code-based cryptography.
Lattice-based cryptography is based on the mathematical concept of lattices, which are regular repeating structures of points or vectors. The security of lattice-based cryptography is based on the difficulty of finding the shortest vector in a lattice. This problem is believed to be hard for classical computers and even harder for quantum computers, making lattice-based cryptography a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography.
Hash-based cryptography is based on the use of cryptographic hash functions, which are one-way functions that take an input and produce a fixed-size output. The security of hash-based cryptography is based on the difficulty of finding two inputs that produce the same output. While this problem can be solved by quantum computers using Grover’s algorithm, the computational resources required to do so increase exponentially with the size of the hash output, making hash-based cryptography a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography.
Code-based cryptography is based on error-correcting codes, which are used to detect and correct errors in digital communications. The security of code-based cryptography is based on the difficulty of decoding a linear code. While this problem can be solved by quantum computers using the Gottesman-Knill theorem, it is believed to be much harder for quantum computers than other cryptographic problems, making code-based cryptography a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography.
In addition to developing post-quantum cryptography techniques, researchers have also been working on developing quantum-resistant cryptographic protocols. These protocols are designed to be secure against attacks by both classical and quantum computers. One example is the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, which uses the principles of quantum mechanics to distribute cryptographic keys securely between two parties.
QKD is based on the fact that measuring the state of a quantum system changes its state. This means that if an attacker tries to intercept the cryptographic key being transmitted, the act of measurement will change the state of the key, alerting the legitimate parties to the presence of the attacker. QKD has been demonstrated in several experimental settings, and is a promising candidate for secure communication in a post-quantum world.
In conclusion, quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize cryptography and security.
Revolutionizing Cryptography and Security
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.
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