Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

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Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

 

opportunity for businesses. Studies have found that the option value of MNEs in entering a country under the uncertain conditions can be high (Miller, 1998). This is because government and international bodies often inject

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

considerable amount of investments into the affected countries in aiding the recovery and rebuilding process and, in turn, pumped up the local aggregate demands, opening new opportunities for MNEs in relevant industries

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

(Vigdor, 2008). At the same time, consumers’ demand for products and services may change; demand may not necessarily decline, but what consumers may want may be different, and this will impact on the demands placed on

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

a firm’s human resources. These MNEs may therefore experience expansion of workforce under these situations. There are multinational organizations, such as inter-governmental agencies as well as international relief

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

organizations, who would purposefully be sending staff into countries experiencing crises. Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

MNEs are being noted for their often-superior ability to implement highly tactical, more robust talent management practices, including work-based, HRM- led and international systems, in line with the rest of their worldwide

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

operations (Glaister, Karacay, Demirbag, & Tatoglu, 2018; Hartmann, Feisel, & Schober, 2010; Mellahi, Demirbag, Collings, Tatoglu, & Hughes, 2013; Tatoglu, Glaister, & Demirbag, 2016; Demirbag, Tatoglu & Wilkinson, 2016).

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

However, with the environment suddenly becoming much more precarious, MNEs may be likely to operate on a much more restricted budget towards their human resources, and move towards leaner staffing. This could mean

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

retrenchment and the cutting back pay as well as other compensations and supports, which makes the implementa- tion of a strong IHRM programme difficult. Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

At the same time, uncertain contexts increase the need for subsidiary control, which, according to previous literature, require a more locally responsive HRM practices that are sensitive to the local condition may also be needed

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

(Mellahi et al., 2013). Furthermore, in the context of systemic shock such as an economic crisis, the relative position of owners of highly fungible capital could increase (Wood, 2013). This would include MNEs, who are often

 

uncommitted and switch to another country when presented with better opportunities. Thus, with their strong bargaining power, coupled with the dete- rioration of economic conditions, the relative power of the employees,

 

including expatriates, could be significantly diminished (Wilkinson & Wood, 2017). Streeck (2009) presents a highly pessimistic view that this could mean the worsening of employment conditions, including the reduction of not

 

only pay and benefits, but also job security and workplace democracy. Others, however, point to the resilience of institutions in upholding pre-existing rights for the workers (Thelen, 2014). Resilience of Institutions in Upholding

Pre-Existing Rights

 

From the employees’ point of view, there is an emerging consensus that going through expatriation is an emotional journey (Bozionelos, 2009; Herman & Tetrick, 2009; Selmer, 2001, 2002; Stahl & Caligiuri, 2005). Such emotion

 

can be manifested in positive ways, such as excitement, optimism, hope and passion (Youssef & Luthans, 2007), which could be facilitative to the expatriate’s ability to settle, but there are also negative emotions, such as fear,

 

worry, anxiety, doubt and

 

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 1367

 

grief (Jordan & Cartwright, 1998), that could potentially cause disengagement, detachment, resulting in a demotivated and disgruntled expatriate, the spill-over effect of which could be so strong that potentially it could affect the

 

overall organ- isational performance and reputation (Richardson & McKenna, 2002). Negative emotions such as those mentioned above are most likely to manifest in the situa- tion of rapid change and uncertainties (Lerner &

 

Keltner, 2001). Therefore, expa- triation that are poorly thought out could lead to failed assignments, premature return of expatriates and the loss of their returned expatriates (Takeuchi, Wang, Marinova, & Yao, 2009). Failed

 

expatriation has the potential not only derailing the MNEs’ performance and capabi\

 

Resilience of Institutions in Upholding Pre-Existing Rights

RUBRIC QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately.  Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples.  The answer is complete. 50 points:  The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples.  No aspects of the required answer are missing. 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And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points:  Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors.  There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points:  Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. 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The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.

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