Nursing and Health Care Policy Discussion Essay

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Type	Essay
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Nursing and Health Care Policy Discussion Essay

The history of health care policy and politics in nursing and the health care delivery systems in the USA is extensive. In 1935, President Roosevelt signed the Social Security Act, which led to the creation of two nationwide programs that would ensure the welfare of older adults and the unemployed (Fadlallah et al., 2017).

The law also introduced federal grants to the states to support programs for the older population and people with disabilities, mainly blind individuals. The Act established a social security program that enabled older adults over 65 years of age to receive public health coverage by payroll taxes (Porche, 2021).

This law also introduced the state-administered unemployment insurance program and the Dependent Child Assistance Program that would assist families headed by single mothers. With time, the Social Security Act underwent further changes. For instance, the Social Security Amendments of 1965 established two major health care programs, such as Medicare and Medicaid, that provided public health coverage to people older than 65 (Porche, 2021).

Thus, as both programs are sponsored by the US government, they serve the health care needs of citizens. Furthermore, the history of health care policy is closely related to the historical reform of Barack Obama that has become the peak of the long struggle of American democratic forces, starting with President Roosevelt, for the creation of the national health care system in the United States (Porche, 2021). As it can be seen, for decades, the issue of reforming the existing health care system has been one of the most pressing in the USA.

The socio-economic and financial conditions influence the most important decisions in the formation of the American health care system. In fact, the health care policy has been formed in the conditions of political struggle and public debate around reforms in this area. However, main attention should be paid to the analysis of the failed Bill Clinton’s Health Insurance Reform Bill (Porche, 2021).

Today, the structure of health policy covers a complex set of legal, social, and ethical issues (Fadlallah et al., 2017). Its aim is to protect and promote citizens’ health, and the US government supports this intension by respecting human rights. Since the USA is a country with quite diverse society in terms of ethnicity and cultures, many groups have different approaches to policymaking. In this regard, health politics are made in accordance with cultural diversity.

In fact, policymakers set goals for the improvements in the health care sector and determine the necessary decisions, plans, and actions that are necessary to achieve these goals (Porche, 2021). Therefore, a well-developed policy in health care can contribute to achieving set goals, as it defines the core values that underlie it and determines a long-term vision and mid-term targets.

The process of health care policy involves several steps. Firstly, it is necessary to identify the issue under consideration (Fadlallah et al., 2017). Next, policy makers gather information on the possible ways to solve this problem and the work on solutions should begin. Since the material resources of the state are limited and the number of problems requiring attention and investment is quite numerous, the government is forced to choose only the most effective projects (Porche, 2021). Next, after gathering information on issues, policy makers develop strategies on how to address the defined problem. In this case, the authorities compare which alternatives should be accepted and which – rejected. Finally, the policy is ready to be adopted by the government, which bring changes in the state. The next step of this development process is implementation that occurs from the federal level to the local one.

Eventually, the policy becomes a law. However, each policy needs an evaluation that allows assessing it and its outcomes. Admittedly, the process of developing health care policy is the result of a complex, contradictory interaction between the executive and legislative authorities of the United States with the active participation of the expert community, interest groups, and other stakeholders (Porche, 2021).

Therefore, the understanding of the process of policymaking allows to identify the entire range of areas of practical implementation of a policy, its scale, spheres, the boundaries of application, and the degree of its influence in the health care delivery system in the United States.

Nursing and Health Care Policy Discussion Essay

RUBRIC QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately.  Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples.  The answer is complete. 50 points:  The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples.  No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points:  Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points:  Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points:  References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated.  Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points:  Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors.  There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points:  Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20:  The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors  10 points out 20:  The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20:  The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points:  The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements.  The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.

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