Order ID	53563633773
Type	Essay
Writer Level	Masters
Style	APA
Sources/References	4
Perfect Number of Pages to Order	5-10 Pages

Description/Paper Instructions

Disscussion 1.

Artificial Intelligence is commonly used today; from using Siri’s voice detection to Tesla’s self-driving ability. The development of intelligence machines that are created to think and work like humans is ever-evolving, but not without apparent errors. These errors include bias, racism, and sexism as a few examples. These ideas will be explored in more detail in this discussion post.

Joy Buolamwini was moved to write an article on her experience with face recognition when she found that there was a bias in the software. She is a dark-skinned woman and found that some face recognition softwares would not recognize her face unless she put on a white mask. This sparked her interest to look into the algorithms used to create face recognition softwares which she found were predominantly trained with and created best for light-skinned males (Boulamwini, 2019).

Not very long ago, Amazon created a version of Artificial Intelligence to allow people to submit their resume’s to be hired on to Amazon. Amazon’s AI algorithm was created to separate the most suitable resumes and the incompatible resumes. This algorithm ran into a large issue when they found that the people who were selected all had very similar characteristics in the fact that almost none were women candidates because the version of AI Amazon had created and trained didn’t include many women characteristics.

These two examples just explored support the claim that AI system advantages are not worth the biases if uncorrected. If the face recognition AI system was not corrected, it would prove to show that the software creators are biased, racist, or sexist. This would create negative publicity for the software creator and would be proven when they see a sudden decrease in buyers. Amazon’s error would widely be spread through technology and publicity. This would most likely cause a significant decrease in customers and partnerships. Fairness can be built into AI systems by training the algorithms to pick up various types of information about the people they are trying to include. Such as face recognition algorithms trained and balanced with dark-skinned men and women, Asian men and women, and white men and women faces.

References:

BUOLAMWINI, J. (2019). Artificial Intelligence Has a Problem With Gender and Racial Bias. Here’s How to Solve It. Time. Retrieved from https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/

Siwicki, B. (2021). How AI bias happens – and how to eliminate it. Healthcare IT News. Retrieved from https://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/how-ai-bias-happens-and-how-eliminate-it

Discussion 2.

It is only a matter of time until artificial intelligence systems are integrated into most facets of our lives. Most machine learning comes from compiled data it is important to think about the implications current social circumstances have on what data gets imported and how that can create a skew that would cause AI bias. In terms of AI in healthcare there are two noticeable ethical implications that need to be addressed; healthcare data availability and AI’s role in healthcare.

Healthcare data availability can be an issue with bias in A.I due to the unavailability of proper healthcare data. The National Center for Biotechnology reports that minorities are less likely to receive a diverse range of procedures and experience worse medical care than whites. (Anderson. 2004) This lack of medical history can lead to a negative skew in how AI can react to care of ethnic groups. For example, if the data used for machine learning shows that there is a low percentage of CAT scans being performed on a Hispanic person medical A.I will be less likely to suggest a CAT scan to a medical provider even though the relevance of that information may not be due to health at all rather, to systemic issues.

Another consideration of ethics that must be considered in regards to AI healthcare is the role they play in healthcare. How automated would we want our healthcare to be? Is it ethical for a machine to determine the level of care we receive? Doctors are often passionate about their professions, they will suggest care that has a low chance of success if it can have a large impact on a persons’ life. Algorithms have human influence behind them, most of the time that influence is coming from a business perspective, can we trust that these AI created will recommend a time intensive, costly procedure if it has a low chance of success for the patient? Many doctors would prefer for AI to perform duties that take them away from the care of their patients, rather than perform the roles of doctors. (Nelson, 2019)

AI could bring many advantages to healthcare if bias is addressed. Unfortunately the bias in healthcare data goes far beyond the reach of AI programmers. The advantages of AI could still be beneficial if the AI’s are built to not account for things such as race and only focus on truly pertinent information when performing machine learning functions.

 

David Woodall

References

Nelson, Gregory (2019) Bias in Artificial Intelligence.  NC Medical Journal volume 80, No. 4 http://ncmedicaljournal.com

Anderson, NB (2004) Understanding Racial and Ethnic Difference in Health in Late Life. National Center for Biotechnology Information http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK24693/

RUBRIC QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately.  Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples.  The answer is complete. 50 points:  The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples.  No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points:  Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points:  Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points:  References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated.  Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points:  Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors.  There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points:  Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20:  The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors  10 points out 20:  The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20:  The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points:  The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements.  The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.

GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER

CLICK ON THE LINK HERE:  https://phdwriters.us/orders/ordernow

Also, you can place the order at www.collegepaper.us/orders/ordernow / www.phdwriters.us/orders/ordernow
Do You Have Any Other Essay/Assignment/Class Project/Homework Related to this? Click Here Now [CLICK ME] and Have It Done by Our PhD Qualified Writers!!

PLACE THE ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!